Working Principle of Lathe Machine Parts-Components

This Lesson will help you to recognize the lathe machines parts and uses of its accessories. Also will explain the different operations of the machine and the factors related to machine operations.

 

Before using the lathe machine please read all the steps of the operations. Learn the various controls.

  

Standard Components of Lathe Machine

To operate the lathe machine you have to know about the all part and their function. In the entire lathe machine these part are similar or we can say that these parts are standard. If you learn about functions of the parts. Then you can operate any type of lathe machine.

Bed: Made up of cast iron. Provide a heavy rigid frame. Bed is the ways, which are formed on the bed’s upper surface and run the full length of the bed.

Ways: This is the inner and outer rails that make machine condition parallel to assure accuracy of movement. The ways keep the tailstock and the carriage, which slide on them, in alignment with the headstock.

Head stock: Head stock contains the head stock handle and mechanism that help us to driving the machine, usually in the left side.

 

Tail stock: Tail stock is to hold the dead centre to support one end of the work being machined. Tail stock is also used to hold the tapered shank drilled reamers and drill chunks.

Gear Box: This is situated inside the head stock. It is proving the no. of speed with geometric ratio, when the levers are moving.

Spindle: Hole through  the head stock through which the bar stock fed, which allow shafts that are up to 2 times the length between  length centers, which is work single time at a time.

Carriage:  Basically carriage is a movable and moves on the outer ways. It is movable support for the cross feed slide and the compound rest. It’s used for mounting and most of the cutting tool, boring and milling operations. You can stop or lock the carriage machine by tightening the carriage clamp screw.

Apron: Attached to the front of the carriage, it has the mechanism and controls for moving the carriage and cross slide.

  

Cross slide: Mounted on the top of the carriage in a Dovetail. It is move towards the right angle to the axis.

Tool Post: The purpose of tool post is to provide the rigid support for the tools. Tool holder is inserted in slot in the tool post.

Feed rod: Fed Rod is operating by the spindle through the train of gear. It transmits the power to the apron to driven the longitudinal feed and mechanism. Some Lathe don’t have Fed rod.
 

 Lead Screw: Lead screw is using for the cutting thread. The Lead Screw is operated by the spindle through Train Gear.
 

Split nut: When closed around the lead screw, the carriage is driven along by direct drive without using a clutch.
 

Chuck: Lathe chuck is a machine part for holding lathe work. It is mounted on the nose of the spindle. The work is done by jaws which can be moved in radial slots towards the center of the chuck to clamp down .
 

The four-jaw independent lathe chuck is the most practical chuck for general work The four jaws are adjusted one at a time, making it possible to hold work of various shapes .

The three-jaw universal or scroll chuck can be used only for holding round or hexagonal work.